Abstract Objective: To evaluate self-medication for toothache and its associated factors in children and adolescents. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 252 children/adolescents aged 6-16 years. A questionnaire was applied with questions related to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics; experience of, and self-medication for, toothache; as well as aspects related to the condition. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test) were performed, with a 5% significance level. Results: The prevalence of toothache was 41.7%. In 96 cases analyzed, there was prevalence of 69.8% of self-medication for toothache. There were no statistically significant associations between self-medication for toothache and variables related to the children/adolescents (gender and age), their parents or guardians (age and schooling), socioeconomic characteristics (family income and number of people in the household) and aspects related to toothache (fever, crying and school absenteeism) (p>0.05). The most commonly used drug was paracetamol (60.7%), whose choice was based to its previous use by the study population for conditions not related to toothache (47.8%). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of self-medication for toothache in the study population. No independent variable was associated with self-medication practice.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência e a associação da ansiedade dos pais e filhos entre as variáveis socioeconômicas frente ao comportamento da criança durante o atendimento odontológico. Métodos: Este estudo foi caracterizado como quantitativo, observacional, transversal e descritivo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e experiência dentária, Escalas de Teste de Imagem de Venham, Escalas de Ansiedade Odontológica de Corah e Escala de Ansiedade de Frankl. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística descritiva e inferencial (Qui-quadrado e Teste exato de Fisher), α=0.05. Resultados: A maioria das crianças pertencia à faixa etária de 7 a 9 anos, 57,9%. Destas, 72,6% foram submetidos a procedimentos invasivos. A prevalência de ansiedade das crianças foi de 43,2% (n=41). Quanto aos pais/responsáveis, a prevalência de ansiedade foi de 88,4% (n=84). Foi verificada associação significativa entre experiência da consulta e ansiedade da criança (p= 0,050) utilizando a escala VTP. E foi verificada associação significativa entre a ansiedade e o tipo de procedimento (p= 0,017) e a experiência da criança (p=0,000) utilizando a escala de Frankl. Conclusão: Não houve associação entre ansiedade e as variáveis socioeconômicas. Nas variáveis relacionadas as experiências odontológicas, foi verificada associação significativa entre a experiência da consulta e a ansiedade da criança utilizando a escala VTP. Na escala de Frankl foi observada associação entre ansiedade e o tipo de procedimento, e experiência da consulta.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence and association of parents’ and children’s anxiety concerning socioeconomic variables and child’s behavior during dental care. Methods: This was a quantitative, observational, transversal and descriptive study. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire aiming at sociodemographic data and dental experience as well as Venham Picture Test, Corah Dental Anxiety Scales and Frankl Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test), α = 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 7 to 9 year- old children (57.9%.), of whom 72.6% were submitted to invasive procedures. The prevalence of anxiety among children was 43.2% (n = 41). Regarding parents / guardians, the prevalence of anxiety was 88.4% (n = 84). A significant association was found between the dental appointment experience and the child’s anxiety (p = 0.050) using the VPT. A significant association between anxiety and the type of dental procedure (p = 0.017) as well as the child’s experience (p = 0.000) using the Frankl scale. Conclusion: There was no association between anxiety and socioeconomic variables. In the variables related to dental experiences, a significant association was found between the experience of the dental appointment and the anxiety of the child using the VPT scale. An association between anxiety and the type of procedure was observed, as well as dental appointment experience, using Frankl scale.

<p>O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a percepção dos pais sobre saúde bucal de pré-escolares. Um estudo transversal foi realizado com 843 crianças brasileiras entre três e cinco anos de idade. Os pais/responsáveis responderam a um questionário autoaplicável sobre a saúde de seus filhos e dados sociodemográficos. Percepções dos pais sobre a saúde bucal de seus filhos foram determinados pela resposta à seguinte pergunta: "Como você descreveria a saúde bucal do seu filho?" A versão brasileira da Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) foi respondido por pais/responsáveis e usada para medir o impacto da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) em crianças pré-escolares e suas famílias. Três examinadores realizaram exames bucais nas crianças (K=0,85-0,90). Análise descritiva foi realizada, seguida de uma análise de regressão logística para amostras complexas (α=5%). As seguintes variáveis foram significativamente associados com a percepção dos pais sobre saúde bucal dos filhos: percepção ruim dos pais sobre a saúde geral (OR=18,25; IC 95%: 3,36-98,96), impacto negativo sobre OHRQoL da família (OR=13,82; IC 95%: 4,27-44,72), crianças com idade de cinco anos (OR=7,40; IC 95%: 1,49-36,63) e a interação entre o histórico da dor de dente e cárie dentária (OR=10,02; IC 95%: 1,17-85,61). Percepções parentais de saúde bucal são influenciados pelo impacto sobre OHRQoL da família, a percepção ruim dos pais sobre a saúde geral do seu filho, e as condições clínicas com sintomas, tais como cárie dentária com dor de dente. Outros problemas bucais, tais como má oclusão ou traumatismo dentário, não foram associados com a percepção dos pais sobre saúde bucal de seus filhos.</p>

<p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate parental perceptions of oral health status in preschool children. A cross-sectional study was carried with 843 Brazilian children between 3 and 5 years of age. Parents/guardians answered a self-administered questionnaire on the health of their children and sociodemographic data. Parental perceptions of their child's oral health were determined by the responses to the following question: "How would you describe your child's oral health?" The Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) was answered by parents/guardians and used to measure the impact of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) on preschool children and their families. Three examiners performed oral exams on the children (K= 0.85-0.90). Descriptive analytical statistics were carried out, followed by logistic regression for complex samples (α=5%). The following variables were significantly associated with parental perceptions of children's oral health: parental perception of general health as poor (OR=18.25; 95% CI: 3.36-98.96), negative impact on family's OHRQoL (OR=13.82; 95% CI: 4.27-44.72), child aged five years (OR=7.40; 95% CI: 1.49-36.63) and the interaction between history of toothache and dental caries (OR=10.02; 95% CI: 1.17-85.61). Thus, parental perceptions of oral health are influenced only by clinical conditions with symptoms, such as dental caries with toothache. Other oral conditions, such as malocclusion or traumatic dental injury, were not associated with parental perceptions of their child's oral health.</p>

Avaliar as atitudes e os comportamentos relacionados ao uso do álcool e seus fatores associados entre escolares da rede pública de Campina Grande (PB). Foi um estudo transversal com 574 adolescentes entrevistados por meio de formulário semiestruturado. Os testes estatísticos foram o Qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher (significância de 5%). Dos adolescentes, 54,5% experimentou o álcool, destes, 6,7% faz uso pesado. A maioria experimentou o álcool na faixa etária de 11 a 14 anos (42,8%), 26,3% dos menores compraram bebidas e a cerveja foi o tipo mais consumido (43,8%). O risco de experimentar a bebida alcoólica foi maior entre adolescentes de 16 a 19 anos (OR = 4,44; p < 0,001), entre os que não tinham religião (OR = 4,36; p = 0,002), entre os que trabalhavam (OR = 2,13; p = 0,012) e os que tinham relacionamento regular/ruim com o pai (OR = 2,18; p = 0,010). Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam a complexidade do tema e a necessidade de uma atenção especial para a população adolescente. As políticas públicas não são suficientes, o apoio de uma família, a escola e a socie dade são essenciais para combater o uso precoce de álcool e suas consequências.

The scope of this paper is to assess the attitudes and behaviors regarding alcohol use and analyze associated factors among schoolchildren in public schools of Campina Grande in the state of Paraíba. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 adolescents, with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used (5% level of significance). Among the adolescents 54.5% had drunk alcohol and 6.7% of them were heavy drinkers. The majority of them drank alcohol between 11 and 14 years of age (42.8%); 26.3% of the adolescents purchased alcoholic beverages; and beer was the most drink most consumed (43.8%). The risk of alcohol drinking was higher between 16 and 19 years of age (OR = 4.44; p < 0.001), among those without religious affiliation (OR = 4.36; p = 0.002), among those who worked (OR = 2.13; p = 0.012) and among those who had a fair to poor relationship with their father (OR = 2.18; p = 0.010). The results of this study underscore the complexity of this issue and the need to pay particular attention to the adolescent population. Public policies alone are not sufficient. Support from family, school and society is essential to curtail early alcohol use and its consequences.

Avaliar as atitudes e os comportamentos relacionados ao uso do álcool e seus fatores associados entre escolares da rede pública de Campina Grande (PB). Foi um estudo transversal com 574 adolescentes entrevistados por meio de formulário semiestruturado. Os testes estatísticos foram o Qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher (significância de 5%). Dos adolescentes, 54,5% experimentou o álcool, destes, 6,7% faz uso pesado. A maioria experimentou o álcool na faixa etária de 11 a 14 anos (42,8%), 26,3% dos menores compraram bebidas e a cerveja foi o tipo mais consumido (43,8%). O risco de experimentar a bebida alcoólica foi maior entre adolescentes de 16 a 19 anos (OR = 4,44; p < 0,001), entre os que não tinham religião (OR = 4,36; p = 0,002), entre os que trabalhavam (OR = 2,13; p = 0,012) e os que tinham relacionamento regular/ruim com o pai (OR = 2,18; p = 0,010). Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam a complexidade do tema e a necessidade de uma atenção especial para a população adolescente. As políticas públicas não são suficientes, o apoio de uma família, a escola e a socie dade são essenciais para combater o uso precoce de álcool e suas consequências.

The scope of this paper is to assess the attitudes and behaviors regarding alcohol use and analyze associated factors among schoolchildren in public schools of Campina Grande in the state of Paraíba. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 adolescents, with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used (5% level of significance). Among the adolescents 54.5% had drunk alcohol and 6.7% of them were heavy drinkers. The majority of them drank alcohol between 11 and 14 years of age (42.8%); 26.3% of the adolescents purchased alcoholic beverages; and beer was the most drink most consumed (43.8%). The risk of alcohol drinking was higher between 16 and 19 years of age (OR = 4.44; p < 0.001), among those without religious affiliation (OR = 4.36; p = 0.002), among those who worked (OR = 2.13; p = 0.012) and among those who had a fair to poor relationship with their father (OR = 2.18; p = 0.010). The results of this study underscore the complexity of this issue and the need to pay particular attention to the adolescent population. Public policies alone are not sufficient. Support from family, school and society is essential to curtail early alcohol use and its consequences.